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2003 TELECOMS IN THE MIDDLE EAST :
The latest Middle East report provides information on Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Turkey, United Arab Emirates and Yemen. Each country is represented by its own chapter, comprehensively covering the key areas of interest including: Key trends, Market overview, Regulatory environment, Major fixed network operators, Telecommunications infrastructure, Public data communications services, Internet, Broadband networks and services, Content and e-Services, Wireless communications, Broadcasting
Overview:
There is a wide disparity in telecommunications development in the Middle East region, ranging from Israel and the United Arab Emirates (UAE), which have levels of Internet and mobile use not dissimilar to those in Western Europe, to Iran, Syria and Yemen where levels are below Sri Lanka or Vietnam. Some of this disparity is caused by differing economic circumstances but political and social attitudes, corruption levels and economic openness also play a part.
A feature of the Arab countries is a growing tendency for operators to have interests across the region. This has long been the case in the TV market, where both free-to-air and pay TV Direct-to-Home (DTH) satellite operators have footprints covering all countries and have their headquarters and production offices in countries other than those of their chief investors. Internet Service Providers (ISPs) and Internet portal operators have also spread across the region. A more recent trend is the regional investment by Kuwait’s two mobile operators, MTC and Wataniya.
The UAE has dramatically high Internet use levels and also high mobile penetration levels. The governments have pursued policies of strong encouragement of technology use, both directly and indirectly. They have policies of direct funding of e-commerce and e-government projects and Internet and computer use in education and the community. In addition, Dubai Internet City and Dubai Media City, both government instigated and funded projects, have been successful in attracting regional and multinational information technology and communication companies of all types. The presence of these companies then in turn raises the levels of Internet and computer use, leading to a self perpetuating effect. The UAE is however one of the least liberalised of markets, with majority government owned operator Etisalat having no competitors in fixed lines, Internet provision or mobile telecommunications.
Israel has also been a major player in both hardware and software for the international communications industry for some years. However, the collapse of the ‘dot.com’ bubble hit the country hard and Israel’s ongoing economic recession has also impacted both the industry and telecoms users. Turkey is another country where previous fast growth, particularly in mobile telecoms use, has been hit by a long-lasting economic recession.
There are signs of greater openness in the industry across the region but change is coming slowly. Several countries are moving towards greater competition in the industry and to privatisation of government owned operators but mostly at a glacial pace. An exception is Bahrain, where the government has passed the appropriate laws, introduced a relatively independent regulator, announced a liberalisation timetable and awarded a second GSM mobile licence (on schedule according to the timetable) all in the space of less than a year.
Mobile use has been the fastest growing area of telecommunications with regional growth rates around 50% during 2002. (Source: Paul Budde Communication, International Broadband Market)
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Table of Contents
1. MIDDLE EAST – MARKET OVERVIEW AND ANALYSIS 2003
1.1 Key developments in the Middle East telecom market
1.1.1 Market overview
1.1.2 Regulatory environment
1.1.3 Major fixed network operators
1.1.4 Telecommunications infrastructure
1.1.5 Internet
1.1.6 Broadband networks and services
1.1.7 Content and e-services
1.1.8 Wireless communications
1.1.9 Broadcasting
2. BAHRAIN
2.1 Key statistics
2.2 Telecommunications market
2.2.1 Overview
2.3 Regulatory environment
2.3.1 Overview
2.3.2 Regulatory authority
2.3.3 Liberalisation
2.4 Major fixed network operator
2.4.1 Bahrain Telecomunications Company (Batelco)
2.5 Telecommunications infrastructure
2.5.1 The network
2.5.2 Local
2.5.3 International
2.6 Public data communication services
2.6.1 Overview
2.7 Internet
2.7.1 Market overview
2.8 Broadband networks and services
2.8.1 ADSL
2.8.2 Wi-fi
2.9 Content and e-services
2.9.1 E-commerce
2.9.2 E-government
2.10 Wireless communications
2.10.1 Market overview
2.10.2 Mobile services
2.11 Broadcasting
2.11.1 Market overview
2.11.2 Satellite TV
3. IRAN
3.1 Key statistics
3.2 Telecommunications market
3.2.1 Overview
3.3 Regulatory environment
3.3.1 History
3.3.2 Regulatory authority
3.3.3 Restructure plan
3.3.4 Privatisation
3.4 Major fixed network operator
3.4.1 Telecommunication Company of Iran (TCI)
3.5 Telecommunications infrastructure
3.5.1 Local and national
3.5.2 International
3.6 Public data communications services
3.6.1 Public data network
3.7 Internet
3.7.1 Market overview
3.7.2 ISP market
3.7.3 Internet cafes
3.7.4 Censorship
3.8 Broadband networks and services
3.8.1 Overview
3.9 Wireless communications
3.9.1 Market overview
3.9.2 Satellite mobile
3.10 Broadcasting
3.10.1 Overview
3.10.2 Satellite TV
4. IRAQ
4.1 Key statistics
4.2 Telecommunications market
4.2.1 Overview
4.3 Telecommunications infrastructure
4.3.1 Overview
4.3.2 Purchases through the ‘Oil-for-Food’ program
4.3.3 Northern Iraq
4.4 Internet
4.4.1 Market overview
4.4.2 Northern Iraq
4.5 Wireless communications
4.5.1 Market overview
4.5.2 Satellite mobile
4.6 Broadcasting
4.6.1 Broadcasting market
5. ISRAEL
5.1 Key statistics
5.2 Telecommunications market
5.2.1 Overview
5.3 Regulatory environment
5.3.1 Regulatory authority
5.3.2 Privatisation
5.3.3 Liberalisation and competition
5.4 Major fixed network operators
5.4.1 Bezeq
5.4.2 Barak ITC Ltd
5.4.3 Golden Lines
5.5 Telecommunications infrastructure
5.5.1 Local and national
5.5.2 International
5.6 Public data communications services
5.6.1 Overview
5.6.2 ISDN
5.7 Internet
5.7.1 Market overview
5.7.2 ISP market
5.7.3 Major ISPs
5.8 Broadband networks and services
5.8.1 Market overview
5.9 Content and e-services
5.9.1 E-commerce
5.10 Wireless communications
5.10.1 Market overview
5.10.2 Mobile regulations
5.10.3 Mobile technologies
5.10.4 Mobile operators
5.10.5 Mobile services
5.11 Broadcasting
5.11.1 Overview
5.11.2 Regulatory issues
5.11.3 Cable TV
5.11.4 Satellite TV
6. JORDAN
6.1 Key statistics
6.2 Telecommunications market
6.2.1 Overview
6.3 Regulatory environment
6.3.1 History
6.3.2 Regulatory authority
6.3.3 Privatisation
6.3.4 Liberalisation
6.3.5 Interconnection issues
6.4 Major fixed network operator
6.4.1 Jordan Telecom
6.5 Telecommunications infrastructure
6.5.1 Local and national
6.5.2 International
6.6 Public data communications services
6.6.1 Overview
6.6.2 ISDN
6.6.3 VSAT networks
6.7 Internet
6.7.1 Market overview
6.7.2 ISP market
6.8 Broadband networks and services
6.8.1 ADSL
6.9 Content and e-services
6.9.1 E-Commerce
6.9.2 E-Communications
6.10 Wireless communications
6.10.1 Market overview
6.10.2 Major mobile operators
6.10.3 Mobile services
6.10.4 Satellite mobile
6.10.5 Trunk radio services
6.11 Broadcasting
6.11.1 Market overview
6.11.2 Jordan Television (JTV)
6.11.3 Pay TV
7. KUWAIT
7.1 Key statistics
7.2 Telecommunications market
7.2.1 Overview
7.3 Regulatory environment
7.3.1 History
7.3.2 The regulator
7.3.3 Privatisation
7.4 Telecommunications infrastructure
7.4.1 Local and national
7.4.2 International
7.5 Public data communications services
7.5.1 Overview
7.5.2 GNI/KEMS
7.5.3 QualityNet
7.6 Internet
7.6.1 Market overview
7.6.2 ISP market
7.7 Broadband networks and services
7.7.1 ADSL
7.8 Content and e-services
7.8.1 E-commerce
7.8.2 E-communications
7.9 Wireless communications
7.9.1 Market overview
7.9.2 Mobile technologies
7.9.3 Mobile operators
7.9.4 Mobile services
7.9.5 Satellite mobile
7.10 Broadcasting
7.10.1 Overview
7.10.2 Pay TV
8. LEBANON
8.1 Key statistics
8.2 Telecommunications market
8.2.1 Overview
8.3 Regulatory environment
8.3.1 History
8.3.2 Regulatory authority
8.3.3 Privatisation
8.4 Major fixed network operators
8.4.1 Ogero Telecom
8.5 Telecommunications infrastructure
8.5.1 Local and national
8.5.2 International
8.6 Public data communications services
8.6.1 Ogero
8.6.2 Sodotel
8.6.3 GlobalCom Data Services / InvestCom
8.7 Internet
8.7.1 Market overview
8.7.2 ISP market
8.7.3 Selected major ISPs
8.8 Broadband networks and services
8.8.1 DSL
8.8.2 Internet via satellite
8.8.3 Wireless broadband
8.9 Content and e-services
8.9.1 E-commerce
8.9.2 E-Communications
8.10 Wireless communications
8.10.1 Market overview
8.10.2 Mobile regulations
8.10.3 Major mobile operators
8.10.4 Mobile services
8.10.5 Satellite mobile
8.11 Broadcasting
8.11.1 Broadcasting regulation
8.11.2 Free-to-air and satellite broadcasting
8.11.3 Digital TV
9. OMAN
9.1 Key statistics
9.2 Telecommunications market
9.2.1 Overview
9.3 Regulatory environment
9.3.1 Historical background
9.3.2 Regulatory authority
9.3.3 Privatisation
9.4 Major fixed network operator
9.4.1 OmanTel
9.5 Telecommunications infrastructure
9.5.1 Local and national
9.5.2 International
9.6 Public data communications services
9.6.1 Overview
9.6.2 Leased lines
9.6.3 ISDN
9.6.4 VSAT networks
9.7 Internet
9.7.1 Market overview
9.8 Broadband networks and services
9.8.1 ADSL
9.9 Content and e-services
9.9.1 E-commerce
9.9.2 E-government
9.9.3 E-communications
9.10 Wireless communications
9.10.1 Market overview
9.10.2 Mobile services
9.10.3 Satellite mobile
9.11 Broadcasting
9.11.1 Market overview
10. QATAR
10.1 Key statistics
10.2 Telecommunications market
10.2.1 Overview
10.3 Regulatory environment
10.3.1 History
10.3.2 Regulatory authority
10.3.3 Privatisation
10.4 Major fixed network operator
10.4.1 Q-Tel
10.5 Telecommunications infrastructure
10.5.1 Local and national
10.5.2 International
10.6 Fixed network voice services
10.6.1 Overview
10.6.2 Call centres
10.7 Public data communications services
10.7.1 Overview
10.8 Internet
10.8.1 Market overview
10.9 E-services
10.9.1 E-commerce
10.9.2 E-government
10.10 Wireless communications
10.10.1 Market overview
10.10.2 Mobile services
10.10.3 Satellite mobile
10.11 Broadcasting
10.11.1 Free to air
10.11.2 Cable TV
10.11.3 Satellite TV
11. SAUDI ARABIA
11.1 Key statistics
11.2 Telecommunications market
11.2.1 Overview
11.3 Regulatory environment
11.3.1 History
11.3.2 Regulatory authority
11.3.3 Liberalisation
11.3.4 Privatisation
11.4 Major players in the market
11.4.1 Saudi Telecom Company (STC)
11.5 Telecommunications infrastructure
11.5.1 National and local
11.5.2 International
11.6 Public data communications services
11.6.1 Overview
11.6.2 Leased lines
11.6.3 VSAT
11.6.4 ASP
11.7 Internet
11.7.1 Market overview
11.7.2 ISP market
11.8 Broadband networks and services
11.8.1 Broadband market overview
11.8.2 Wireless broadband service
11.9 Content and e-services
11.9.1 E-commerce
11.10 Wireless communications
11.10.1 Market overview
11.10.2 Mobile services
11.10.3 Satellite mobile
11.11 Broadcasting
11.11.1 Market overview
11.11.2 Free-to air
11.11.3 Pay TV
12. SYRIA
12.1 Key statistics
12.2 Telecommunications market
12.2.1 Overview
12.3 Regulatory environment
12.3.1 History
12.3.2 Regulatory authority
12.3.3 Liberalisation
12.4 Telecommunications infrastructure
12.4.1 Local, national and international
12.5 Internet
12.5.1 Market overview
12.6 Wireless communications
12.6.1 History
12.6.2 Regulatory
12.6.3 Market overview
12.6.4 Mobile operators
12.6.5 Satellite mobile
12.7 Broadcasting
12.7.1 Overview
13. TURKEY
13.1 Key statistics
13.2 Telecommunications market
13.2.1 Overview
13.3 Regulatory environment
13.3.1 History
13.3.2 Regulatory authority
13.3.3 Privatisation
13.4 Major fixed network operator
13.4.1 Turk Telekom
13.5 Telecommunications infrastructure
13.5.1 National
13.5.2 International
13.6 Public data communications services
13.6.1 Overview
13.6.2 Turkish Packet Switching Data Network
13.6.3 ISDN
13.7 Internet
13.7.1 Market overview
13.7.2 ISP market
13.8 Broadband networks and services
13.8.1 Digital Subscriber Lines (DSL)
13.8.2 Cable modems
13.9 Content and e-services
13.9.1 E-Government
13.9.2 E-Communication
13.10 Wireless communications
13.10.1 Market overview
13.10.2 Mobile regulation
13.10.3 Major mobile operators
13.10.4 Mobile services
13.10.5 Satellite mobile
13.11 Broadcasting
13.11.1 Market overview
13.11.2 Broadcasting regulation
13.11.3 Cable TV
13.11.4 Digital TV
13.11.5 Interactive TV
14. UNITED ARAB EMIRATES
14.1 Key statistics
14.2 Telecommunications market
14.2.1 Overview
14.3 Regulatory environment
14.3.1 Historical background
14.3.2 Liberalisation
14.4 Major fixed network operator
14.4.1 Etisalat
14.5 Telecommunications infrastructure
14.5.1 Local and national
14.5.2 International
14.6 Public data communications services
14.6.1 Leased lines
14.6.2 Frame relay and ATM
14.6.3 ISDN
14.6.4 Application service provider
14.7 Internet
14.7.1 Market overview
14.7.2 EIM
14.7.3 Dubai Internet City
14.8 Broadband Networks and services
14.8.1 ADSL
14.8.2 Cable modems
14.9 Content and e-services
14.9.1 E-commerce
14.9.2 E-government
14.10 Wireless communications
14.10.1 Market overview
14.10.2 Mobile operators
14.10.3 Mobile services
14.10.4 Satellite mobile
14.11 Broadcasting
14.11.1 Overview
14.11.2 Satellite TV
14.11.3 Cable TV
15. YEMEN
15.1 Key statistics
15.2 Telecommunications market
15.2.1 Overview
15.3 Regulatory environment
15.3.1 Regulatory authority
15.3.2 Mobile services liberalisation
15.3.3 Privatisation
15.4 Major fixed network operators
15.4.1 TeleYemen
15.4.2 Public Telecommunications Corporation
15.5 Telecommunications infrastructure
15.5.1 Local and national
15.5.2 International
15.6 Public data communications services
15.6.1 Overview
15.6.2 Leased lines
15.6.3 ISDN
15.6.4 VSAT
15.7 Internet
15.7.1 Market overview
15.8 Wireless communications
15.8.1 Market overview
15.8.2 Major mobile operators
15.8.3 Mobile services
15.8.4 Satellite mobile
15.9 Broadcasting
15.9.1 Overview
16. GLOSSARY OF ABBREVIATIONS
Table 1 – Fixed-line, Internet and mobile penetration – 2002
Table 2 – Fixed lines ranked by penetration levels - 2002
Table 3 – Internet use ranked by penetration levels - 2002
Table 4 – Wireless subscribers ranked by penetration levels - 2002
Table 5 – Country statistics Bahrain
Table 6 – Telecommunication statistics
Table 7 – Internet and PC statistics
Table 8 – Wireless statistics
Table 9 – Broadcasting statistics
Table 10 – Telecommunications organisations
Table 11 – Fixed lines growth - 1995-2002
Table 12 – ISDN subscribers - 1996-2001
Table 13 – Internet user estimates
Table 14 – Internet users - 1995-2002
Table 15 – Internet host computers - 1995-2001
Table 16 – Mobile subscribers - 1995-2002
Table 17 – Country statistics Iran
Table 18 – Telecommunication statistics
Table 19 – Internet and PC statistics
Table 20 – Wireless statistics
Table 21 – Broadcasting statistics
Table 22 – Telecommunications organisations
Table 23 – Fixed lines growth - 1995-2002
Table 24 – Internet users - 1995-2001
Table 25 – Internet host computers - 1994-2002
Table 26 – Mobile subscribers - 1995-2002
Table 27 – Country statistics Iraq
Table 28 – Telecommunications statistics
Table 29 – Internet and PC statistics
Table 30 – Broadcasting statistics
Table 31 – Telecommunications organisations
Table 32 – Country statistics Israel
Table 33 – Telecommunication statistics
Table 34 – Internet and PC statistics
Table 35 – Wireless statistics
Table 36 – Broadcasting statistics
Table 37 – Telecommunications organisations
Table 38 – Fixed-line growth – 1995-2002
Table 39 – ISDN subscriber growth - 1995-2001
Table 40 – Internet users - 1997-2002
Table 41 – Internet host computers – 1994-2002
Table 42 – Mobile subscriber growth – 1995-2002
Table 43 – Mobile subscribers by operator – December 2002
Table 44 – Cable TV subscribers – March 2001
Table 45 – Country statistics Jordan
Table 46 – Telecommunication statistics
Table 47 – Internet and PC statistics
Table 48 – Wireless statistics
Table 49 – Broadcasting statistics
Table 50 – Telecommunications organisations
Table 51 – Fixed lines in service – 1995-2002
Table 52 – ISDN subscribers – 2000-2001
Table 53 – Internet users – 1995-2001
Table 54 – Internet host computers – 1995-2002
Table 55 – Mobile subscribers by operator – December 2002
Table 56 – Mobile subscribers – 1995-2002
Table 57 – Country statistics Kuwait
Table 58 – Telecommunication statistics
Table 59 – Internet and PC statistics
Table 60 – Wireless statistics
Table 61 – Broadcasting statistics
Table 62 – Telecommunications organisations
Table 63 – Fixed lines growth - 1995-2001
Table 64 – Internet users - 1995-2001
Table 65 – Internet host computers - 1994-2001
Table 66 – Mobile subscribers by operator – December 2002
Table 67 – Mobile subscriber growth - 1994-2002
Table 68 – Country statistics Lebanon
Table 69 – Telecommunication statistics
Table 70 – Internet and PC statistics
Table 71 – Wireless statistics
Table 72 – Broadcasting statistics
Table 73 – Telecommunications organisations
Table 74 – Fixed-line growth - 1996-2002
Table 75 – Internet users - 1995-2002
Table 76 – Internet host computers - 1995-2002
Table 77 – Mobile subscribers by operator – June 2002
Table 78 – Mobile subscribers - 1995–2002
Table 79 – Country statistics Oman
Table 80 – Telecommunication statistics
Table 81 – Internet and PC statistics
Table 82 – Wireless statistics
Table 83 – Broadcasting statistics
Table 84 – Telecommunications organisations
Table 85 – Fixed lines growth - 1995-2003
Table 86 – Internet users - 1998-2001
Table 87 – Internet subscribers – 2001-2002
Table 88 – Internet host computers - 1997-2001
Table 89 – Mobile subscribers by operator - December 2002
Table 90 – Mobile subscribers - 1994-2002
Table 91 – Country statistics Qatar
Table 92 – Telecommunication statistics
Table 93 – Internet and PC statistics
Table 94 – Wireless statistics
Table 95 – Broadcasting statistics
Table 96 – Telecommunications organisations
Table 97 – Q-Tel revenue - 1999-2002
Table 98 – Q-Tel revenue by segment - 2002
Table 99 – Fixed lines growth - 1995-2002
Table 100 – ISDN subscriber growth - 1995-2001
Table 101 – Internet users – 1995-2002
Table 102 – Internet subscribers – 1996-2001
Table 103 – Internet host computers - 1996-2002
Table 104 – Mobile subscribers - 1995-2002
Table 105 – Country statistics Saudi Arabia
Table 106 – Telecommunication statistics
Table 107 – Internet and PC statistics
Table 108 – Wireless statistics
Table 109 – Broadcasting statistics
Table 110 – Telecommunications organisations
Table 111 – Fixed lines in service - 1994-2002
Table 112 – Internet users - 1995-2002
Table 113 – Internet host computers - 1994-2002
Table 114 – Mobile subscribers - 1995-2002
Table 115 – Country statistics Syria
Table 116 – Telecommunications statistics
Table 117 – Internet and PC statistics
Table 118 – Wireless statistics
Table 119 – Broadcasting statistics
Table 120 – Telecommunications authorities
Table 121 – Fixed lines growth - 1995-2001
Table 122 – Internet users - 1998-2001
Table 123 – Mobile subscriber growth - 1999-2001
Table 124 – Country statistics Turkey
Table 125 – Telecommunications statistics
Table 126 – Internet and PC statistics
Table 127 – Wireless statistics
Table 128 – Broadcasting statistics
Table 129 – Telecommunications organisations
Table 130 – Fixed lines growth – 1995-2002
Table 131 – Turpak subscribers - 1996-2000
Table 132 – ISDN subscriber growth - 1998-2001
Table 133 – Internet users - 1996-2002
Table 134 – Internet host computers - 1994-2002
Table 135 – Mobile subscribers by operator – December 2002
Table 136 – Mobile subscribers - 1995-2002
Table 137 – Turkcell subscribers - 1999-2002
Table 138 – Telsim subscribers - 1997-2002
Table 139 – Cable TV subscribers - 1996-2000
Table 140 – Country statistics United Arab Emirates
Table 141 – Telecommunication statistics
Table 142 – Internet and PC statistics
Table 143 – Wireless statistics
Table 144 – Broadcasting statistics
Table 145 – Telecommunication organisations
Table 146 – Fixed lines growth - 1995-2002
Table 147 – ISDN subscriber growth - 1995-2001
Table 148 – Internet users - 1995-2002
Table 149 – Internet host computers - 1995-2002
Table 150 – Mobile subscribers - 1995-2003
Table 151 – Country statistics Yemen
Table 152 – Telecommunication statistics
Table 153 – Internet and PC statistics
Table 154 – Wireless statistics
Table 155 – Broadcasting statistics
Table 156 – Telecommunications organisations
Table 157 – Fixed telephone lines - 1995-2001
Table 158 – ISDN subscribers – 1999-2001
Table 159 – Internet users - 1996-2001
Table 160 – Internet host computers - 1996-2002
Table 161 – Mobile subscribers by operator – December 2002
Table 162 – Mobile subscribers - 1998-2002
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